Gaius Marius: ruthless reformer of the armies of Ancient Rome

Historians from the time of the Roman Empire uphad land and wealth, who were able to purchase
to modern times have held strong opinions on thetheir own armour and supplies. It was thought
life and character of Gaius Marius. Best known forthat men of means would make good soldiers as
being the uncle of the famed Julius Caesar, he hasthey had something to lose in battle. These
also been regarded as barbaric, displaying unbridledrequirements meant that many men were
ambition and by some accounts as having an evilineligible to serve giving fewer options to the poor
influence on the Roman Empire. At the same timemasses that filled the streets of Rome and other
however, he also achieved high ranks in bothcities in the Empire.
politics and the military in ancient Rome, despiteThese were not peaceful times; the Roman
being an outsider and hailing from a family with noEmpire had been at war for the entire second
political ties. He is also credited with revolutionizingcentury and Marius saw the potential in the
Rome's army, with the changes he institutedRoman mob. Going for pure manpower he
being widely regarded as the greatest contributionenlisted these men, in effect giving them full time
to the organisation of Roman legions.employment, purpose in their lives and the
Born to an equestrian family in the Italianpromise of land upon retirement. These changes
countryside, his family is known to have beenproduced a different type of soldier; a soldier loyal
locally influential, but had no ties to anyone in highto his general and driven by his potential status
ranks in Rome - neither in the military or in theand wealth should he be successful. Their military
political arena. Despite this start in life, Marius wasbecame their lives and their lifelong careers of
determined from the beginning to break into thechoice.
high ranks of the republic. From his beginnings inMarius also made changes in the way his soldiers
the Roman army, he quickly moved up throughfought and moved, and to the weapons they
the ranks; due most likely to having caught theused. The throwing spears soldiers used were
attention of those in power with his drive andaltered so that the tip of the spear broke on
ruthlessness. Using his successes in the military heimpact making it useless to enemies once loosed.
sought power in politics which has been widelyHe also had the soldiers carry all of their own
regarded as having been attained unlawfully.provisions on their backs, making the need for
Through a special election which was deemedlong baggage trains unnecessary.
underhanded by the Roman senate, MariusMarius also began promoting officers who showed
attained commander-in-chief of Rome's Africanpotential within the ranks rather than relying on
legions, and from this position he made thepolitical connections as had been done in the past,
changes to the army for which he is known. Inmaking for more experienced and superior
the past, Rome had only accepted soldiers whoofficers, further strengthening the army.