The Knight's Arming Sword

When someone refers to a "medieval" sword,be added to replace an old worn one. It's possible
they are generally speaking of a sword thatthat the sword a great-great grandson bore no
would have been carried by either a knight or alonger resembled the original.
soldier during the Middle Ages. Although the exactArming swords in warfare were used mostly as
start and end dates of the medieval age havebackup weapons for lances and much larger battle
been disputed for years, all my references (unlessswords. The knight would draw these swords
otherwise noted) refer to the period betweenwhen dismounted, or when his other weapons
500 A.D. (around the time the Roman Empire waswere lost or broken. The arming sword, however,
ending) to about 1500 AD (around the time whenwould have been used quite often in one-on-one
the renaissance was beginning).combat and in smaller scale combats. In some
The knight and his arming sword were inseparable.tourneys, knights would first joust with lances,
Though a knight might switch other weaponsthen, when unseated, would draw their arming
throughout his life and even during a single battle,sword and continue the combat.
the arming sword was his for life. In fact, it wasMedieval swords ranged in length, but when when
likely that a knight would go through more wivespeople refer to an arming sword, they are usually
than arming swords, and, when you consider thatreferring to a blade that is less than 38 inches or
arming swords were often handed down fromso. These swords were almost always worn by
generation to generation, it's quite possible that anthe knight except in combat (when the knight
entire family tree would use the same sword.would usually bring a larger battle sword). Swords
Because of this, arming swords were much moreof longer length from that time period are
than just weapons. They became symbols of thesometimes referred to as "Infantry Swords,"
men who carried them. Badges of honor, symbols"Battle Swords," "Hand-and-a-Half Swords" or
of rank and nobility, and messages to all that the"Two-Handed Swords," depending on the style
bearer was both a gentleman and warrior; that heand who was wielding them.
could save your soul or take it in an instant.Medieval swords almost always have pommels
The relationship between the knight and his(often using a variation of the standard "disk"
arming sword was similar, if not so religious, aspommel), usually have well defined crosses
the relationship between a samurai and his katana.(gaurd), and typically have long fullers (indented
Knights would have sacred or other meaningfulgrooves running along the blade). (Ewart
words inscribed into the blades of their swords,Oakeshott is perhaps the most well-known of all
inlaid with silver or gold. These words served assword historians. He's written several books on
both an inspiration and personal motto for them.swords and has developed the best known sword
Occasionally, knights would rent out space on theirclassification system. If you're interested in the
swords to local merchants, and would, with eachvarious types of knightly swords throughout
kill, proclaim "This death was brought to you byhistory, his books are a great start).
Samuel's Bake Shop, where you don't have toThe most common sword-forging technique
spend a lot of bread to get a loaf" or somethingduring the early medieval ages was known as
similar. Actually, I don't think those last two"Pattern Welding." This is a technique of folding
sentences are true, but it would have been ametal and grinding/pounding it down into itself
good way for the knights to raise money forrepeatedly. Pattern-welding caused visible "waves"
their church, now wouldn't it?and patterns in the metal, thus giving it its name.
As mentioned, arming swords were handed downAsian (particularly Japanese) smiths took this
from generation to generation. The swords, usedtechnique further, and are generally regarded as
in combat, often suffered damage or breakage,having "perfected" the style, although Japanese
so the blade would be refitted, or a new pommelforging techniques are quite different from the
would be attached, or perhaps a new grip wouldoriginal pattern welding of the middle ages.